In recent years, weight management has become a growing concern worldwide, and Ireland is no exception. With rising obesity rates and an increasing number of individuals seeking effective weight loss solutions, new treatments are constantly being explored. One such treatment that has garnered significant attention is the class of medication known as GLP-1 inhibitors. Originally designed to treat Type 2 diabetes, it is now showing great promise in the world of weight loss.
Obesity and overweight are complex issues, which elicit a lot of emotion and often negativity. There is a poor understanding of the causes of obesity but it’s more than just calories in and movement – we now know there is a huge genetic component, and that the modern food and marketing environment does not help.
GLP-1 inhibitors, or GLP-1 receptor agonists, are a class of medication that mimic the action of a hormone called glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Naturally, GLP-1 is released by the intestines in response to food, helping to regulate blood sugar by stimulating insulin release and reducing the production of glucose by the liver.
These medications were originally developed for diabetes but what makes them particularly interesting in the realm of weight loss is their ability to reduce appetite and slow down gastric emptying, which makes you feel fuller for longer after eating. Some of the most widely known include semaglutide (marketed as Ozempic for diabetes and Wegovy for weight loss) and liraglutide (Saxenda). The newest to the Irish market is called Mounjaro and is licensed specifically for weight loss.
GLP-1 inhibitors help with weight loss through a combination of biological processes that target appetite and food intake. GLP-1 is a hormone that affects the brain’s hunger signals. When these medications are introduced, they mimic this natural process, leading to a reduced sensation of hunger. Patients tend to feel less hungry and more satisfied after eating, which ultimately leads to consuming fewer calories.
Many overweight and obese patients also suffer from ‘food noise’. ‘Food noise’ refers to persistent, often intrusive thoughts about food, even when you’re not physically hungry. It can lead to overeating or unhealthy eating behaviours but even more importantly it can really affect your quality of life. These intrusive thoughts can make enjoyment of everyday activities difficult as you battle with thoughts of food and guilt around these thoughts. These new medications seem to help reduce ‘food noise’ for many patients.
GLP-1 inhibitors are primarily prescribed for people with obesity or overweight who are struggling to lose weight through lifestyle changes alone. In Ireland, these medications are often considered for individuals with a BMI over 30, or a BMI over 27 with associated conditions like hypertension or high cholesterol. These are still medications and are to be used for the treatment of obesity – they are not a quick diet fix for those already at a healthy weight. Unfortunately many celebrities have been abusing these medications, which has led to a lot of negative press.
While GLP-1 inhibitors are most commonly used in people with Type 2 diabetes to help with weight loss, they are also increasingly prescribed to those without diabetes, particularly in patients with obesity. The rise in obesity rates in Ireland has prompted healthcare professionals to explore new options for weight management, and GLP-1 inhibitors are fast becoming a leading treatment.
It’s important to note that GLP-1 inhibitors should not be seen as a substitute for healthy lifestyle changes. They are most effective when used in combination with a balanced diet and regular physical activity. Patients who are prescribed these medications should commit to a long-term plan for health improvement, incorporating these elements into their daily routine.
Like all medications, GLP-1 inhibitors must be prescribed carefully and monitored for any potential side effects. It is important that you are taking these medications under the supervision of a medical professional. In Ireland there are reports of ‘black market’ Ozempic pens and this is very worrying. While these drugs are generally well-tolerated, they are still medication and come with risks and side-effects like any other medication.
GLP-1 inhibitors are not suitable for everyone. They are contraindicated in individuals with a history of medullary thyroid cancer or multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2, due to a risk of thyroid tumours. They should also be used with caution in individuals with a history of severe gastrointestinal disorders, such as gastroparesis.
As with any medication, they require regular follow-up visits with a healthcare provider. Monitoring includes tracking weight loss progress, managing side effects, and adjusting the dosage if necessary. You should also be supported in making the lifestyle changes required to maintain your weight loss.
While GLP-1 inhibitors offer significant benefits, they can be costly, and access to these medications may be limited by health insurance or availability within the public health system. There is also currently an issue with supply of these medications in Ireland, which may make it more difficult to find a pharmacy which can supply them. This is changing as manufacturer supply is increasing but it is something to bear in mind.
While they are not a magic bullet, these medications represent an important step forward in the management of obesity, especially when combined with lifestyle changes like diet and exercise. However, it is important to remember that these medications are for the treatment of obesity and overweight and must be used appropriately and under the supervision of a medical professional.
